The Ghurkha earthquake created the modern biggest disaster to strike the vulnerable Nepalese society. Disasters delay or even reverse the development of these nations. Perhaps, this disaster reversed the vector of corrupted poor governance and created a fertile ground for a revolution of the nation. Disaster as an opportunity. The planning and risk management international society defined the Build Back Better approach relating to built environment context - the reconstruction of destroyed infrastructures. Though in developing countries whose poor government fails to develop their nations and suffer from low community engagement, perhaps the reconstruction is a national social identity. Government and public which suffer from slumber , are forced to wake due to hurling, when international organization function as a compass, possibly in carrot and stick approach - to aid the nation to rise and use the disaster as a catalysator for rapid development for process which was progressing in a slow pace that restrained the development of the country.

In the years prior to the disaster, Nepal suffered from hundreds of hazards which affected sub-regional areas. The academic publication from the year of 2014, could be seen in retrospective view as alarms for the major risk when a large disaster will occur. They recognized the vast vulnerability of the Nepalese society due to factors fought in population and system based barriers (Aryal, K.R., 2014, Jones, S., Oven, K.J., Manyena, B. and Aryal, K., 2014, A.C.K Lee 2016). The citations on A.C.K Lee publication were collected between 2013 to 2014, prior to the Ghorkha earthquake - reveals the need for changing the governance act with the financial and technical support of international organizations. Alert for a future catastrophe was present, and the GoN created framework concerning DRR which was not practiced different sectoral levels. As we can see from the post-disaster recovery plan, the international aid can be practiced in physical support for reconstruction - though is should mainly help the system and public level to establish, coordinate and practice mechanisms to increase the resilience of the nation in all sectoral levels. This can be done only by creating an interpersonal connection, for the creation of faith and shared goal, which places the independence (or reduce of dependence) of the local public and institutions on international players as their major goal, for increasing the national coping capacity. The UNDP role in the restoration of Nepal, supporting the creation of the NRA, coordinating construction with local social and regional logic, sharing knowledge as a key goal while making the process transparent to the GoN - is a good practice of the approach.

The International organization's' role is to contribute to the rehabilitation of livelihood, a sense of life in the affected area. The livelihood is the recreation of normality, a life pattern as similar as possible to the destroyed one. As that is what a valuable society needs when they are struck by disasters. Long-term recovery is the usage of the momentum for Better reconstruction of the built, social and institutional infrastructure development. Therefore, each organization should be based on the understanding that its role is to deliver knowledge, by practicing their professional expertise is critical fields of livelihood development - economic, education, health, construction etc. The importance of the international organizations in the long recovery process is in the reconstruction of livelihoods by the creation of ownership in the shape of mechanisms which are practiced by the local, regional and national sectors. The understanding that their presence is temporal, should be seen as an opportunity to maximize the delivery of western knowledge to all sectoral levels. If equated to construction world, then a national reconstruction of livelihood should be seen as setting the ground to where it was- in order to build back, better.

 

Essay heads:

1. The country of Nepal

2. The Disaster caused by Ghurkha earthquake

3. Immediate response and humanitarian relief

4. Government response evaluation

5. Transitional Phase

6. Lack of community engagement

7. Reconstruction Strategies for Social and Built Infrastructure Rehabilitation

8. Conclusions